add.c

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/*
 * This file is part of the Fun programming language.
 * https://fun-lang.xyz/
 *
 * Copyright 2025 Johannes Findeisen <you@hanez.org>
 * Licensed under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license.
 * https://opensource.org/license/apache-2-0
 */
 
/**
 * @file add.c
 * @brief Implements the OP_ADD opcode for arithmetic and string concatenation in the VM.
 *
 * This file handles the OP_ADD instruction, which performs addition or concatenation
 * depending on the types of the operands:
 * - Integers: Adds two integers.
 * - Strings: Concatenates two strings.
 * - Arrays: Concatenates two arrays.
 *
 * Behavior:
 * - Pops two values from the stack.
 * - Performs the operation based on the types of the operands.
 * - Pushes the result back onto the stack.
 *
 * Error Handling:
 * - Exits with an error if the operands are of incompatible types.
 * - Exits with an error if memory allocation fails during string concatenation.
 *
 * Example:
 * - Bytecode: OP_ADD
 * - Stack before: [2, 3]
 * - Stack after: [5]
 */
 
case OP_ADD: {
  Value b = pop_value(vm);
  Value a = pop_value(vm);
  if ((a.type == VAL_INT || a.type == VAL_FLOAT) && (b.type == VAL_INT || b.type == VAL_FLOAT)) {
    if (a.type == VAL_FLOAT || b.type == VAL_FLOAT) {
      double da = (a.type == VAL_FLOAT) ? a.d : (double)a.i;
      double db = (b.type == VAL_FLOAT) ? b.d : (double)b.i;
      Value res = make_float(da + db);
      free_value(a);
      free_value(b);
      push_value(vm, res);
    } else {
      Value res = make_int(a.i + b.i);
      free_value(a);
      free_value(b);
      push_value(vm, res);
    }
  } else if (a.type == VAL_STRING && b.type == VAL_STRING) {
    const char *sa = a.s ? a.s : "";
    const char *sb = b.s ? b.s : "";
    size_t la = strlen(sa);
    size_t lb = strlen(sb);
    char *buf = (char *)malloc(la + lb + 1);
    if (!buf) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Runtime error: out of memory during string concatenation\n");
      exit(1);
    }
    memcpy(buf, sa, la);
    memcpy(buf + la, sb, lb);
    buf[la + lb] = '\0';
    Value res;
    res.type = VAL_STRING;
    res.s = buf;
    free_value(a);
    free_value(b);
    push_value(vm, res);
  } else if (a.type == VAL_ARRAY && b.type == VAL_ARRAY) {
    Value res = array_concat(&a, &b);
    free_value(a);
    free_value(b);
    push_value(vm, res);
  } else {
    fprintf(stderr, "Runtime type error: ADD expects both numbers, both strings, or both arrays, got %s and %s\n",
            value_type_name(a.type), value_type_name(b.type));
    exit(1);
  }
  break;
}